The Author – Bart Busschots
Creative Commons
Unless otherwise stated, the content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, No Derivative Works 3.0 License
Jan
11
TTT Part 14 of n – Aliases & Prompts
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on January 11, 2014 | 1 Comment
In the previous instalment we looked at how to make permanent changes to our environment. We made a permanent change to the PATH environment variable to demonstrate how it’s done (by editing ~/.bash_profile on a Mac, or ~/.bashrc on Linux). In this instalment we’ll look at two other kinds of environment changes you may wish to make by editing these files – specifically, aliases, and custom prompts.
Dec
21
TTT Part 13 of n – PATH
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on December 21, 2013 | 6 Comments
In the previous instalment we introduced the concept of the command shell environment, and we looked in detail at how shell and environment variables work. In this instalment we’ll focus on probably the single most important environment variable, PATH. We’ll look at what it does, how it’s initialised, and, in the process, we’ll learn how to make persistent customisations to our shell environment.
Dec
14
TTT Part 12 of n – the Environment
Filed Under Computers & Tech, System Administration on December 14, 2013 | 2 Comments
Given the times we live in, the word ‘environment’ probably invokes images of polar bears and melting ice, but the Al Gore definition of the word ‘environment’ is a relatively recent narrow definition of a much broader word. The first definition of the work in the OS X dictionary is:
The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates
In this instalment we’ll introduce a digital extension of this concept – the digital conditions within which a process exists, and specifically, in which a BASH command shell exists. Although this might sound like a simple topic, there’s actually a lot to cover, so we’ll be spreading it out over a few instalments.
Nov
22
TTT Part 11 of n – Text Files
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on November 22, 2013 | 1 Comment
In the next instalment we’ll be moving on to look at the so-called Environment within a command shell, but before we do that we need to lay some ground work. Specifically, we need to learn how to read and edit text files from the command line.
In this instalment we’ll start with the most common commands for reading files, and then move on to look at the simplest of the command line editors. For those interested in learning a little more I’ll also give a very quick overview of one of the more powerful command line editors, but feel free to skip over that section if you like, future instalments won’t assume that knowledge.
Nov
2
TTT Part 10 of n – man
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on November 2, 2013 | 2 Comments
Like with so many things in tech, it doesn’t matter if you don’t know everything, what matters is that you have the skills to quickly find the information you need when you needed it. Programmers don’t memorise entire APIs, they simply learn how to search them, and how to interpret the results of their searches.
This is an area where the Linux/Unix command line environment really shines. All Linux & Unix distributions, including OS X, have a built-in manual that allows you to quickly find the documentation you need, when you need it. Every command line command/program can add its documentation to the system manual. In fact, each command/program can actually add multiple documents to the manual. Tools that make use of configuration files will often add a separate document to describe the structure of the configuration file for example.
Every built-in command will have an entry in the manual, and any software you install via the standard package management tools for your distribution will almost certainly bundle the related manual entries as part of the package. This is also true on OS X, where package mangers like Mac Ports will also bundle manual pages with the software they install, and even stand-alone .pkg installers for command line tools will usually also install manual entries. If you run it from the command line, the changes are very high that there will be a manual entry for it on Linux, Unix and OS X.
Sep
21
TTT Part 8 of n – Processes
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on September 21, 2013 | 6 Comments
For various reasons there’s been a bit of a gap between the previous instalment and this one. A big part of the reason is that I’d been putting off a lot of topics I wanted to talk about on Chit Chat Across the Pond until there was a logical break in this Terminal series. Having finished with the file system at the end of the part 7, I had my logical break point. Now it’s time to get stuck back in though, and start a whole new topic – processes.
We’ll start with a little history for context, then have a look at the model OS X uses to represent processes, and finish by looking at some commands for listing the currently running processes on your system.
Jul
19
TTT Part 7 of n – Managing Files
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on July 19, 2013 | 1 Comment
So far in this series we’ve focused mostly on the file system, looking at the details of file systems, how to navigate them, and at file permissions and metadata. We’re almost ready to move on and start looking at how processes work in Unix/Linux/OS X, but we have a few more file-related commands to look at before we do. In this instalment we’ll be looking at how to manipulate the file system, in other words, how to create files and folders, how to copy them, how to move them, how to rename them, and finally how to delete them.
Jul
13
TTT Part 6 of n – More File Permissions
Filed Under Computers & Tech, System Administration on July 13, 2013 | 7 Comments
In the previous instalment of this series we had a look at how standard Unix File Permissions worked. We looked at how to understand the permissions on existing files and folders, but not at how to change them. We also mentioned that the standard unix file permissions are now only a sub-set of the file permissions on OS X and Linux (OS X also supports file ACLs, and Linux has SELinux as an optional extra layer of security).
In this instalment we’ll start by biting the bullet and dive into how to alter standard Unix File permissions. This could well turn out to be the most difficult segment in this entire series, regardless of how big n gets, but it is very important, so if you have trouble with it, please don’t give up. After we do all that hard work we’ll end with a simpler topic, reading OS X file ACLs, and OS X extended file attributes. We’ll only be looking at how to read these attributes though, not how to alter them.
Jun
30
TTT Part 5 of n – File Permissions
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on June 30, 2013 | 1 Comment
In this instalment it’s time to make a start on one of the most important Unix/Linux concepts, file permissions. This can get quite confusing, but it’s impossible to over-state the importance of understanding how to read and set permissions on files and folders. To keep things manageable, I’m splitting understanding and altering permissions into two separate instalments.
Linux and Unix (and hence OS X) all share a common file permissions system, but while they share the same common core, they do each add their own more advanced permissions systems on top of that common core. In this first instalment we’re only going to look at the common core, so everything in this instalment applies equally to Linux, Unix, and OS X. In future instalments we’ll take a brief look at the extra file information and permissions OS X associates with files, but we won’t be looking at the Linux side of things, where more granular permissions are provides through kernel extensions like SELinux.
May
26
TTT Part 4 of n – Navigation
Filed Under System Administration, Computers & Tech on May 26, 2013 | 4 Comments
In the previous segment we discussed the concept of a file system in detail. We described how filesystems contain folders which contain files or folders, and we described the different ways in which Windows and Linux/Unix/OS X combine all the filesystems on our computers into a single name-space, within which every file has a unique ‘path’ (F:\myFolder\myFile.txt -v- /Volumes/myThumbDrive/myFolder/myFile.txt). In this instalment we’ll look at how to navigate around the Unix/Linux/OS X filesystem in a Bash command shell.